ACNV’s tips to identifying pain in pets

As pet owners, you want nothing more than for your furry friends to live happy, comfortable lives. Unlike humans, dogs and cats can’t tell us when they’re in pain. Instead, they rely on subtle (and sometimes obvious) signs to communicate discomfort.

Pain in pets can show up as changes in movement, temperament, appetite, or interaction – just like in humans! One of the most difficult types to detect is visceral pain – pain originating from the internal organs. Knowing how to recognise it can make all the difference in getting your pet the care they need.

What is visceral pain?

Visceral pain comes from the internal organs (stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, heart, etc.). Unlike musculoskeletal pain, which is often sharp and localised, visceral pain is dull, diffuse, and harder to pinpoint. Conditions like pancreatitis, gastrointestinal blockages, or liver disease can trigger it.

Since internal organs have fewer pain receptors, pets don’t always show obvious signs of discomfort. Instead, their behaviour may change in ways that are easy to overlook.

The importance of recognising visceral pain

Unlike a limp or a visible wound, internal pain can go unnoticed until it becomes severe. Recognising the early signs means faster intervention, reduced suffering, and better recovery outcomes.

Signs of visceral pain in dogs and cats

Visceral pain is tricky to identify, so watch for these behavioural and physical clues:

Signs of pain in dogs:

• Restlessness or reluctance to lie down. Your dog may keep shifting positions, struggling to get comfortable.
• Whining, groaning, or unusual vocalisations. They may react when moving, being touched, or even at rest.
• Changed posture. A hunched back or repeated stretching (such as holding a play bow position without playing) can indicate discomfort.
• Sad or withdrawn behaviour. Less interest in you, other pets, or favourite toys.

• Loss of appetite. A sudden refusal to eat may mean something’s wrong internally.
• Panting or shallow breathing. Can indicate pain, even if your dog isn’t hot.
• Lethargy. An unusually tired or sluggish dog may be experiencing visceral pain.

Signs of pain in cats:

• Hiding or avoiding interaction. Cats instinctively withdraw when they’re unwell.
• Changes in grooming. Some stop grooming altogether, while others excessively lick painful areas.
• Altered posture or movement. A hunched back, tucked belly, or hesitation to jump/stretch.
• Facial expression changes. Squinted eyes, repositioned ears/whiskers, or a “sad” look.
• Loss of appetite or thirst. A common sign of discomfort.
• Increased irritability or aggression. Even friendly cats may lash out when in pain.
• Litter box changes. Straining, urinating less, or avoiding the litter box.

What to do if you suspect pain in your pet

If your pet shows any of these signs, don’t wait – here’s what to do:

Assess the severity

If your pet is in obvious distress (e.g., severe vocalising, bloated abdomen, collapse), seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

Take notes

Track and record changes in behaviour, appetite, posture, and movement. This helps your vet diagnose the issue faster.

Never give human painkillers

Many over-the-counter medications are toxic to pets and can make things worse.

Keep them comfortable

Provide a quiet, stress-free space until they can be seen by a vet.

Get veterinary attention

Even mild signs should be checked, as visceral pain often signals serious health issues.

A case example

Aspen, a 12-year-old Border Collie, was suddenly slow on her daily walk, refused to lie down, and kept stretching uncomfortably. Her owner trusted their instincts and took her to the vet, where an ultrasound revealed a life-threatening splenic tumour.

Thanks to quick action, Aspen had surgery and made a full recovery, and the bill was covered by Petcover Pet Insurance.

Final thoughts

Pain is a crucial warning sign that something isn’t right. By knowing the signs and acting fast, you can help your pet stay happy and healthy.

If you’ve noticed any of these signs in your pet, don’t hesitate to reach out to your local or nearest veterinarian practise. A proactive approach can make all the difference in ensuring your furry companion gets the care they need.

This article was produced by our partners at Australian College of Veterinary Nursing (ACVN), leaders in educating Australian and international veterinary nurses. Their training ensures nurses can recognise and manage pain in your pet. If your pet needs care, check if there’s an ACVN-trained nurse on the team – you’ll know your pet is in the hands of a dedicated advocate.